Independent Mexico census of towns and ranches in two departments of Oaxaca. The census is divided in two departments: Teutitlan and San Pedro Teutila. It starts listing all the towns and ranches in the territory, followed by a small social and economic summary of the land. It contains detailed statistic information of every town: age range, men, women, marriages, widows and widowers and cattle.

About Teutitlan it states that in old times it produces large quantities of “huipiles” (from the Nahuatl, refers to indigenous dresses) from low to high quality, than enriched considerably the land. They also were cattle producer. However, the document notes, after 1787 the land fell into crises, to the point that it almost doesn’t produce textiles or cattle anymore.

About San Pedro Teutila it states that is rich in cotton and that many quilts are woven bringing substantial wealth. High quality tobacco and cacao is cultivated only by hobby, but there is potential for a proper industry. The vanilla is cultivated, but is sowed prematurely – a governmental intervention is said to be required to solve this problem.

Briefly after the independence, a prominent landowner and politician of Oaxaca started a project to make a census of the State in 1826. Between the last colonial census of 1810 to the first independent one made in 1838 Jose Gomez de la Cortina (backed by the Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia), the exact population of Mexico was unknown. During those years the most trustworthy data comes from the calculations of Humboldt, Ward, Poinsett and Burkhardt – some of which were way off target: in 1810 it was 6,120,000 and in 1838 it was 7,000,000; George Ward estimated 8,000,000 in 1827! (the whole info can be found in María Eugenia Romero Sotelo; Luis Jáuregui. México 1821-1867. Población y crecimiento económico).  Because of the non-existent efforts of doing a general or federal census, it was left to local government and landowners to make their own census like the current one.