MATERIAL: Vellum
TYPE: Manuscript
COMPONENTS: Eight headpieces and Nine portraits. Fine vellum; 207 folios (pagination in pencil) comprising of 16 signed gathering each made up of twelve leaves: first 11 leaves+ flyleaf unmarked; end signature of first quire is on fl.25b, ii(26),i ii(38), iv(50), v(62), vi(74), vii(84), viii(84), ix(108), x(120), xi(132), xii(144) xiii(156), xiv(167), xv(181), xvi(193-203). Size 7.5x5.3 (written surface 6.3.2cm). A folio between folios 166 and 167 has been removed. Text in small, single fine bolorgir, in one column of 23 lines. Rubrics and titles in red bolorgir. Initial letters in erkat’agir in gold and blue ink. The large capitals are bird and animal letters, accompanying the marginal decorations. Binding – Tooled brown morocco, over boards with stamped with rope and floral patterns. The inside covers are lined with silk with floral design.
CONDITION: The flap on binding is torn off. The four clasps are in position, but one of the ribbons is missing
NOTES: Provenance – The scribal colophon on folio 203b beginning with the customary eulogy « Փառք...» provides the title of the work, the name of the scribe, the exact date and place of the copying of the manuscript. It is a Psalter copied by the scribe Yovhannes erets in the city of Istanbul at the ‘door of the Church of Saint Sargis ‘the General’ in the Armenian era ՌՁԴ [1084 =AD 1635] when the times were «դառն եւ ի նեղ ժամանակիս յորում նեղիմք եւ հալածիմք յանօրինաց եւ ի սուտ եղբարց»:The scribe has also left a brief memorial to himself on folio 146b. Another short notice is found on folio 180 but without the scribe’s name. There are no later inscriptions indicating the later history of the manuscript.

In the Colophons of Armenian manuscripts of the XVIIth Centuries there is the record of another colophon of a Psalter copied by the same scribe Yovannes erets in the city of Istanbul at the door of the ‘Church of Saint Sargis and his Son Martiros’ in the Armenian era 1085 [A.D. 1636].This is manuscript No. 10390 now in the holdings of the “Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts” (Matenadaran) in Erevan. The similarity of the wording of the colophon suggests that this is the same Yovhannes erets , who has copied our manuscript. The unavailability of the full description of MS.10390 means it is not possible to compare the contents of the two manuscripts to be be sure it is the same scribe and artists who copied both the Psalters. However, the colophon of the present manuscript dated 1635 is missing from the above collection of colophons.

The Latin inscription on folio on folio 207a dates the manuscript in the XVth century.

Notes
Girk’ Saghmosats Dawti [Book of Psalms].1868 Jerusalem ed. Reprinted Jerusalem,1988

Compare MS. Matenadaran no.10390 [entry 948],p. 641 in Hakobyan Vazgen & A. Hovhannisyan, Hayeren jeragrei XVII dari hishatakararnner(1621-1640)[Colophons of Armenian manuscripts of the XVIIth century(1621-1640).Erevan,1978.

K’ristonya Hayastan.Hanragitaran( Christian Armenia. Encyclopedia).Erevan, 2002.

Pogharean Norayr, Bishop, Hay Groghner (Armenian writers). Jerusalem,1971.

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church.3rd edition. Ed. by E.L.Cross & E. A. Livingston. Oxford ,2003.

Rev.Dr Vrej Nerses Nersessian
39 Fitzjames avenue
London W 14 ORR
ITEM ID: 5814
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Illuminated Armenian Psalter

DATE
Year: 1635
Decade: 1630s
Century: 17th (1601-1700)
Notes: 1084 in the Armenian calendar

An illuminated Armenian Psalter.

The manuscript contains the Liturgical Psalter of the Armenian Orthodox Church. The usual form of the Armenian Psalter: Psalms 2- 147 are divided into eight “Canons” each beginning with a portrait miniature and a narrow illuminated band as headpiece. Each canon is in turn subdivided into seven sections,called gobolay or goblay. The Psalms are arranged for liturgical use. Psalms 148 to 150 are followed by the canticle of the Three Hebrew Children from the Book of Daniel, by the three canticles from the New Testament, by the apocryphal Psalm 151 ( Փոքր էի…),the prayer of King Manaasseh and end with the Prayer Hawatow Xostowanim [In faith I Confess] by saint Nerses IV Klayetsi Catholicos of All Armenians ,called Shnorhali (1166-1173).

The preliminary texts with which this Psalter begins is quite rare and unusual. The first is a Commentary on the Psalms wrongly attributed to St. Epiphanius,Bishop of Cyprus (c.315-403),but which actually belongs to Theodotus, Bishop of Ancyra (d.c.445). The second text is by the Armenian author Yovhannes Garnetsi (1180?-1245?) called ‘Concerning the Psalms of David beginning with the words « Մանաւանդ թէ զերգս Հոգւոյն Սրբոյ»( Particularly the songs of the Holy Spirit).The first was published in Constantinople in 1801 with the Commentaries on the Psalms by Athanasius of Alexandria and David Anyaght ( ‘ the invincible’) and the second was published in the periodical Loumay 1(1900),pp.264-165.

Contents
The principal divisions of the MS. are :
Fols.2-11a. Երանելոյն Եպիփանու Կիպրացոյ ասացեալ:Յաղագս Երգոց Սաղմոսացն Դաւթի :Զամայն ինչ զոր ասաց հայրն մեր Աթանաս …
Fols.11a-13a. Բանն ի Յովաննէս Գառնեցո հոգելի վարդապէտի վասն Դաւթեան Սաղմոսի որում անց յերկբայս թուի:« Զսաղմոսս Դաւթի մանաւանդ թէ զերգս հոգոյն սրբոյ…»

Fol.13b-14a. Գովասանութիւն Սաղմոսին: « Բանք սաղմոսին է պտւկն [պատուական] / լցեալ հոգովն ա[ստուա]ծական …»[ends]« յաւուր մեծի դատաստանի»:

Fol.14b. Վիճակն է սաղմոսարանին [ Numbers of the Psalms in Armenian letters from 1-150].

Fol.15a. Blank

Fols.16a-32b. Canon I.Psalms 1- 17

Fol.33 a. Blank

Fol.34a-36b.Canticle of Moses[ Exodus 15:1-19] followed by a prayer.

Fols.37a-55a. Canon II. Psalms 18-35.

Fols.56a-58b. Canticle of Moses [ Deut.32:1-11] followed by a prayer.

Fols.59a-78b. Canon III.Psalms 36- 54.

Fols.79a-82a. Canticle of Moses[Deut.32: 22- 43] followed by a prayer.

Fols.82b-101a. Canon IV. Psalms 55-71.

Fols.102a-104a. The prayer of Hannah ‘And Hannah prayed’ [ I Samuel 2:1-10].

Fols.104b-126a. Canon V. Psalms 72-88.

Fols.126a-127a. Canticle of the prophet Isaiah ‘With my soul have I desired’[ 26:9-20]

Fols.127b-146a. Canon VI. Psalms 89-105.

Fols. 147a-b. Canticle of King Hezekiah ‘ I said in the final days ,I shall go’ [ Isaiah 38:10-20].

Fols.148a- 167a. Canon VII. Psalms 106-118.

Fols.168-169a. Canticle of Isaiah ‘Sing unto the Lord’(Isaiah 42:10-20) and of Jonah ‘For thou has cast me into the deep’ [ Jonah 2:3-10].

Fols.169b-190a. Canon VIII. Psalms 119- 147.

Fols.190a- 191b. The prayer of the prophet Habakkuk ‘ I will,stand upon my watch’[Habakkuk 2:1-19].

Fol.192a. Blank

Fols. 193a-195a. Prayer of the Three Children in the burning fiery furnace[ Daniel 3:26-88].

Fols.195a-200b. Magnificat[Luke 1:46-55];Canticle of Zacharias[Luke 1:68-79]; Canticle of Simeon[ Luke 2:29-32];Psalms 148-150,and the Prayer of Manasseh.

Fols.200b-203b. Nerses IV KLayetsi, called Shnorhali’s prayer “In faith I confess” [Հաւատով խոստովանիմ].

Fol.203b. Principal colophon of the scribe.

Fol.204a. Later inscription. Church calendar

Fols.205-206 Blank

Fol.207. Latin inscription

Illuminations-

The manuscript is profusely illustrated. The opening page of the eight canons of the Psalms have a decorative headpiece, with an accompanying ornament in the margins. Moreover, the opening line of each canon is written in bird letters and the second and third lines are in erkat’agir (capitals) in gold. It has also nine miniature portraits of prophets accompanying the prayers and canticles attributed to them.

Headpieces – 16a,37a,59a,82b,104b,127b,148a,169b.

Miniature portraits of the prophets –
Fol.15b.David playing the harp. Colour flaking.

Fol.33b. Moses with ‘rod’ in hand leading the Israelites across the Red sea pursued by the Pharaoh’s army.

Fol.55b. Moses holding an open scroll ‘Give ear, O ye heavens’.

Fol.101b. Hannah mother of Samuel offering her prayer to Eli the priest at the door of a church.

Fol.125b. Prophet Isaiah holding an open scroll.

Fol.146a. Isaiah praying over king Hezekiah on his sick bed.

Fol.167b. Portrait of the prophet Isaiah holding an open scroll ‘Sing unto the Lord’.

Fol.180b. Habakkuk holding a bowl of fire ‘and burning coals went forth at his feet’.

Fol.192b. A splendid angel looking down to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace in which Shadrich,Messhach,and Abed-nego are in the midst of the fire[Daniel 3:26].This text is recited in the in the evening Liturgies celebrated on the eve of Epiphany and Easter.

Principal Colophon
ՓԱՌՔ ամենասուրբ երրորդութեան հօր եւ որդոյ եւ հոգոյն սրբոյ յաւիտեանս ամէն:
Գրեցաւ Սաղմոսարանս ի թվին հայոց ՌՁԴ[ 1084] ի քաղաքն ի յԸստամբօլ ի դուռն սրբոյն Սարգսի Զօրավարին.ձեռամբ յոգնամեղ եւ մեղսաթաւալ եւ փծուն Յովանէս երիցու. Որ զանունն ունիմ եւ զգործն ոչ. Ի դառն եւ ի նեղ ժամանակիս.յորումն եղիմք եւ հալածիմք յանօրինաց եւ ի սուտ եղբարց:Արդ աղաչեմ զամենեսեանդ որք հանդիպիք սըմա կարդալով կամ օրինակելով կամ ….[ incomplete].

Translation of the colophon
Glory to the Holy Trinity the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit for ever.Amen.
[I] copied this Psalter in the Armenian era 1084 in the city of Istanbul at the door of the Church of Saint Sargis ‘the General’ by the tired, impure and sinful scribe Yovanes erets (priest) who has the name but not the work. In the harsh and bitter times in which we find ourselves and being persecuted by the infidels and the false brothers [ reference to the Armenians who had converted to Catholicism].Thus I beseech you all who come across this [book] by reading or copying or …[the rest is missing ]

ARTISTS
Name: Yohannes Erets
Type: Scribe
Name: Hayrapet
Type: Artist
Born In: 1620
Dates Active: 1639 to 1691
Artists Dates: 1620
Artist Information: One of the most eminent painters of New Julfa (the Armenian quarter of Isfahan). He was active from 1639 to 1691 and born around 1620 and there are 32 manuscripts known that have his paintings with the majority preserved in the Matenadaran in Yerevan.