DATE

Year: 1876

Decade: 1870s

Century: 19th (1801-1900)

Notes: Meiji 9

Japanese book set medical encyclopedia by Dr. Henry Hartshorne (1823-1897), who served as a doctor in the Civil War, taught at the University of Pennsylvania, and was a Quaker missionary in Japan from 1895 till his death in 1897. His first visit to Japan was in 1893. He was also involved in stopping the opium traffic in Formosa (Taiwan), which was gradually coming under Japanese control. He published this set of books that were printed in Japan. His popularity in Japan and his interest in the Japanese people led to his missionary work there.

According to scholar Sugihiko Uchida, “The translator, Mr. Kuwata Kouhei (桑田衡平)（1836-1905）was a Japanese physician who introduced modern medicine into Japan by translating many medical books written in English.”

ARTISTS

Name: Dr. Henry Hartshorne
Type: Author
Artists Dates: 1823-1897
Artist Information: Henry Hartshorne, Philadelphia physician and educator, was born on 16 March 1823. He was the third child of Joseph Hartshorne (1779-1850), a Philadelphia physician, and Anna Bonsall, and the younger brother of Edward Hartshorne (1818-1885), another Philadelphia physician. Henry Hartshorne married Mary E. Brown (d.1886) on 8 January 1849; they had a daughter, Anna Cope Hartshorne (1860-1957). Hartshorne died in Tokyo on 10 February 1897. In 1839, Hartshorne received an A.B. from Haverford College (then Haverford School.) He received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1845; his thesis was entitled, "Water and hydropathy". After completing his M.D., Hartshorne served as Resident Physician at Pennsylvania Hospital from 1846 to 1848. He then opened his medical practice on 22 April 1848. In 1853-1854, he was Professor of the Institutes of Medicine at the Philadelphia College of Medicine. In the following year, he worked in Columbia, Pennsylvania, during a cholera outbreak there. In 1855, he became consulting physician and lecturer in clinical medicine at Philadelphia Hospital. From 1857 to 1858, he lectured on natural history at the Franklin Institute. In 1859, he became Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine at Pennsylvania College in Gettysburg and held this post until war broke out in 1861. During the Civil War, Hartshorne worked at two government hospitals in Philadelphia and volunteered his medical services at Gettysburg. He also served as Attending Physician and, later, Physician to the Protestant Episcopal Hospital (1859-1862) and to the Magdalen Asylum (1849-1864). He became Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, Hygiene, and Natural History at Central High School, Philadelphia, in 1862. In 1866, he taught hygiene as a member of the newly formed Auxiliary Faculty of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1867, he became Professor of Organic Science and, later, Philosophy, at Haverford College. Also at this time, Hartshorne became Professor of the Diseases of Children at Woman's Medical College; he subsequently became Professor of Physiology and Hygiene and worked for the medical education of women. He left Woman's Medical College in 1876 to become President of Howland Collegiate School in Union Springs, New York; the school closed in 1878. Hartshorne then returned to Philadelphia and opened the East Germantown Girls' School which closed in 1880. Henry Hartshorne visited Japan in 1893 and returned in 1895 to work in the Quaker missions in that country. He remained in Japan until his death. He concentrated on the suppression of the opium traffic in Formosa and improved care for the insane. Henry Hartshorne was elected to fellowship in the College of Physicians of Philadelphia in 1851. He was also a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania State Medical Society. He was one of the founders of the American Public Health Association in 1872. From 1873 to 1876 and from 1881 to 1893, he edited the Friends Review. He published poetry, one novel, many articles on the physical and natural sciences, and several medical works, including Essentials of the principles and practice of medicine (1867) and A conspectus of the medical sciences (1869). Hartshorne was also the American Medical Association's Prize Essayist in 1856.