Russo-Japanese War Soldier’s Personal Notebook, the former property of Mr. Naito Chuzo who was born on April 21, 1879 (Meiji 12). On August 1, 1904 (Meiji 37), he was sent to Manchuria to fight. He later participated in the Battle of Mukden (Hoten Kaisen in Japanese) from February 20 to March 10, 1905. This was one of the largest and most important battles of the Russo-Japanese War, and took place just south of Mukden. The Japanese racked up 75,504 casualties and the Russians managed an impressive 88,352. This represented a devastating defeat for the Russian Manchurian Army, which was driven out of southern Manchuria for good and lead to the Japanese development of that region. News of Russia’s defeat shocked Tsar Nicholas II at St. Petersburg, and many nations around the world now viewed the Japanese military as being on an equal footing with those of western nations.